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NEW QUESTION # 25
In order for a KRI to be effective it must be:
Answer: A
Explanation:
Definition of an Effective Key Risk Indicator (KRI)
A KRI is a metric used to identify, measure, and monitor emerging risks.
To be effective, KRIs must be both quantitative and qualitative, allowing for a comprehensive risk view.
Key Characteristics of Effective KRIs
Quantitative - Uses numerical data for trend analysis.
Qualitative - Incorporates expert judgment and scenario-based insights.
Consistent - Maintains uniform definitions across reporting periods.
Efficient & Repeatable - Must be easily measured and consistently reported.
Why Other Answers Are Incorrect
Option
Explanation:
B . Qualitative, Consistent, Efficient & Repeatable.
Incorrect - Excludes quantitative aspects, which are essential for KRIs.
C . Quantitative, Consistent, Comparable, Efficient & Repeatable.
Incorrect - While comparison is useful, qualitative factors are missing, making this answer incomplete.
D . Quantitative, Repeatable and Efficient.
Incorrect - Lacks qualitative insights and consistency as key factors for KRIs.
PRMIA Reference for Verification
PRMIA Risk Indicator Guidelines
Basel Committee's Principles on Risk Data and KRI
NEW QUESTION # 26
What are some of the properties of Bottom-Up KRIs?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Definition of Bottom-Up KRIs
Bottom-Up Key Risk Indicators (KRIs) are identified at the operational level, focusing on localized risks within business units.
They are tied to actual internal loss events and reported frequently (daily, weekly, or monthly) to capture ongoing trends.
Key Properties of Bottom-Up KRIs
Selected by local management → Ensures relevance to specific business areas.
Tied to internal loss events → Helps in tracking risk patterns within specific legal entities, countries, or business units.
Reported frequently → Allows for timely risk detection and mitigation.
Why Answer D is Correct
Bottom-up KRIs focus on localized risk exposure and are monitored frequently to track operational changes.
Why Other Answers Are Incorrect
Option
Explanation:
A . Seated by senior management: tied to internal loss events at the legal entity, country, business, and/or product level, reported daily, weekly, or monthly.
Incorrect - Senior management sets top-down KRIs, while bottom-up KRIs are managed locally.
B . Selected by local management, based on key controls or weaknesses identified by audit reports, reported quarterly.
Incorrect - While audit reports are useful, bottom-up KRIs are based on loss events, not just audit findings. Quarterly reporting is too infrequent.
C . Are not used due to changes in regulations.
Incorrect - Bottom-up KRIs remain essential despite regulatory changes.
PRMIA Reference for Verification
PRMIA Risk Indicator Best Practices
Basel Committee's Risk Measurement and Reporting Guidelines
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following are the most relevant ways a firm can ensure they are in line with consumer protection?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Definition of Consumer Protection in Risk Management
Consumer protection ensures ethical business practices, transparency, and regulatory compliance.
It builds trust with customers and reduces legal and reputational risks.
Key Principles of Consumer Protection
Treating customers fairly → Ensures honest and ethical financial services.
Prioritizing customer interests → Prevents conflicts of interest and unfair treatment.
Honoring commitments → Strengthens customer confidence and regulatory trust.
Why Answer C is Correct
Following these principles ensures regulatory compliance, customer satisfaction, and risk mitigation.
Why Other Answers Are Incorrect
Option
Explanation:
A . Engage with consumers once there are enough complaints.
Incorrect - Proactive engagement is essential; waiting for complaints is a reactive and poor risk management approach.
B . Add a consumer protection section to all reports.
Incorrect - Documentation alone does not ensure fair treatment; actions matter more.
D . This risk cannot be managed.
Incorrect - Consumer protection risks can and should be actively managed.
PRMIA Reference for Verification
PRMIA Consumer Protection & Fair Treatment Standards
Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) Consumer Duty Guidelines
NEW QUESTION # 28
What are the roles of business versus risk management in developing and implementing risk assessments?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The Principles for Risk Governance, as established by PRMIA (Professional Risk Managers' International Association), emphasize the Three Lines of Defense (3LoD) Model, which is widely used in risk management and governance frameworks.
Business Line Ownership of Risk (First Line of Defense)
The business units are responsible for identifying, assessing, managing, and monitoring risks within their operations.
Since they generate the risks through their activities, they must own the risk assessment process.
This aligns with PRMIA Governance Principles, which state that risk management should be embedded within business operations to ensure proactive risk identification and control.
Risk Management's Role (Second Line of Defense)
The risk management function is not directly responsible for conducting risk assessments but plays a key role in designing and maintaining the risk assessment framework.
This includes setting standards, methodologies, and tools for assessing risks across business functions.
Risk management provides supervision and oversight, ensuring that risk assessments align with organizational policies and regulatory expectations.
Oversight from Senior Management & the Board (Third Line of Defense)
Internal audit (third line of defense) independently reviews and provides assurance that the risk management framework is effective and that risk assessments are conducted properly.
PRMIA's Risk Governance Standards emphasize that internal audit should evaluate the effectiveness of the risk assessment framework without being involved in its direct execution.
Why Other Answers Are Incorrect
Option
Explanation:
A . Risk management, in its role as second line of defense, performs the risk assessment process from beginning to end. There is no business line involvement.
Incorrect - Risk management facilitates and oversees the risk assessment process, but the business must take ownership of the risks it generates.
C . Business owns the risk assessment process so risk management does not play a role in the process.
Incorrect - While the business owns the process, risk management plays a crucial role in developing the framework, setting policies, and providing oversight.
D . Business management's role in the risk assessment process should be confined to oversight.
Incorrect - Business management is actively responsible for executing risk assessments, not just overseeing them.
PRMIA Reference for Verification
PRMIA Standards for Risk Governance - Establishes the Three Lines of Defense and the separation of responsibilities.
PRMIA Risk Management Framework (RMF) Guidelines - Defines the roles of business and risk management in risk assessment.
PRMIA Enterprise Risk Management Best Practices - Outlines how risk management facilitates risk assessments while the business retains ownership.
This answer is verified according to PRMIA's official risk governance documents and best practices. Would you like additional clarification or supporting documentation references?
NEW QUESTION # 29
An example of Credit Risk events with an Operational Risk component included?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Step 1: Understanding Credit Risk with an Operational Risk Component
Credit Risk: Risk of loss due to borrower default.
Operational Risk: Risk of loss due to failed internal processes, fraud, or misconduct.
Step 2: Why Option D is Correct
Ponzi Schemes: Fraudulent investment scams disguise credit risk as legitimate lending but collapse when new funds dry up.
Rogue Trading: Traders take unauthorized risks that can lead to credit defaults or massive financial losses.
Step 3: Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
Option A ("Failure in loan approval process") → This is an Operational Risk issue, but does not always create Credit Risk.
Option B ("Ponzi Schemes") → Partially correct, but does not include Rogue Trading, which is also a credit risk-related operational failure.
Option C ("Rogue Trading") → Partially correct, but does not include Ponzi Schemes, which are another key example.
PRMIA Risk Reference Used:
PRMIA Operational Risk Framework - Highlights fraud-based Credit Risk events.
Basel II/III Operational Risk Guidelines - Discusses trading misconduct and credit risk misrepresentation.
Final Conclusion:
Both Ponzi Schemes and Rogue Trading involve credit risk failures caused by operational misconduct, making Option D the correct answer.
NEW QUESTION # 30
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